carbon

英 ['kɑːb(ə)n] 美['kɑrbən]

近义词smoke

CET4TEM4考研TOEFLCET6中频词核心词汇

复数: carbons;

carbon 碳

来自PIE *ker, 燃烧，词源同cremate, hearth.

carbon: carbon: [18] The notion underlying carbon is probably that of ‘burning’; it has been tentatively traced back to a base *kar- ‘fire’. The word’s immediate source was French carbone, coined in the 1780s on the basis of Latin carbō ‘coal, charcoal’ (supplementing an earlier borrowing charbon ‘coal, charcoal’). It is not certain whether char and charcoal are related to it.
carbon (n.): non-metallic element, 1789, coined 1787 in French by Lavoisier as charbone, from Latin carbonem (nominative carbo) "a coal, glowing coal; charcoal," from PIE root *ker- (4) "heat, fire, to burn" (cognates: Latin cremare "to burn;" Sanskrit kudayati "singes;" Lithuanian kuriu "to heat," karštas "hot," krosnis "oven;" Old Church Slavonic kurjo "to smoke," krada "fireplace, hearth;" Russian ceren "brazier;" Old High German harsta "roasting;" Gothic hauri "coal;" Old Norse hyrr "fire;" Old English heorð "hearth").

Carbon 14, long-lived radioactive isotope used in dating organic deposits, is from 1936. Carbon dating (using carbon 14) is recorded from 1958. Carbon cycle is attested from 1912. Carbon footprint was in use by 2001. Carbon paper (soon to be obsolete) is from 1895.

1. In its untreated state the carbon fibre material is rather like cloth.: 原始的碳纤维材料很像布料。

2. The two principal combustion products are water vapor and carbon dioxide.: 两种主要的燃烧产物是水蒸气和二氧化碳。

3. In graphite sheets, carbon atoms bond together in rings.: 石墨层中的碳原子相互连接形成碳环。

4. Mars has an insubstantial atmosphere, consisting almost entirely of carbon dioxide.: 火星的大气层极其稀薄，几乎全部由二氧化碳构成。

5. Carbon dioxide is a necessary result of the oxidation of carbon compounds.: 碳化合物氧化后必然会产生二氧化碳。